Dhamoirhat upazila and West Bengal of India on the north, Mahadevpur upazila on the south, Badalgachhi upazila on the east, Sapahar and Porsha upazilas on the west.

Patnitala was made a thana in 1907 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila has 11 unions and 301 villages.

Patnitala Upazila is located in Naogaon District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Naogaon are Atrai Upazila, Badalgachhi Upazila, Dhamoirhat Upazila, Mahadevpur Upazila, Manda Upazila, Naogaon Sadar Upazila, Niamatpur Upazila, Patnitala Upazila, Porsha Upazila, Raninagar Upazila, Sapahar Upazila.